Exercise physiology is the study of how the body's structures and functions are altered when exposed to acute and chronic bouts of physical activity. It examines the body's responses at the molecular, cellular, and systemic levels, aiming to optimize performance, improve health, and prevent or treat diseases.
The cardiovascular system, also known as the circulatory system, is responsible for transporting blood, nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hormones throughout the body. It consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, working together to maintain homeostasis and support the body's metabolic needs.