Calcium-sensing receptors (CaSR) are G-protein coupled receptors that play a crucial role in maintaining calcium homeostasis by regulating parathyroid hormone secretion and renal calcium reabsorption. They are essential in various physiological processes, including bone metabolism, and have implications in disorders like hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia.
25-hydroxyvitamin D is a prehormone produced in the liver by hydroxylation of vitamin D3 and is the main circulating form used to assess vitamin D status in the body. It plays a critical role in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism, and its deficiency can lead to conditions such as osteoporosis and rickets.
Calcium and Vitamin D supplementation is crucial for maintaining bone health, especially in populations at risk for osteoporosis, as Vitamin D enhances calcium absorption in the gut. However, excessive supplementation may lead to adverse effects such as hypercalcemia, so it should be tailored to individual needs based on dietary intake and existing health conditions.
Calcium balance refers to the equilibrium between calcium intake, absorption, and excretion, which is crucial for maintaining bone health, muscle function, and nerve transmission. Disruptions in calcium balance can lead to conditions such as osteoporosis or hypocalcemia, highlighting the importance of adequate dietary intake and hormonal regulation.