Signal transduction is the process by which a cell converts an extracellular signal into a functional response, involving a series of molecular events typically initiated by the binding of a signaling molecule to a receptor. This process is crucial for cells to respond to their environment, regulate cellular activities, and maintain homeostasis.
The RET receptor is a crucial receptor tyrosine kinase involved in cell growth, differentiation, and survival, playing a significant role in the development of the nervous system and kidneys. Mutations in the RET gene are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 and Hirschsprung's disease, making it a target for therapeutic intervention in related pathologies.
The H3 receptor is a histamine receptor subtype primarily found in the central nervous system, where it functions as an autoreceptor and heteroreceptor to modulate the release of histamine and other neurotransmitters. It plays a crucial role in regulating sleep-wake cycles, cognition, and appetite, making it a target for therapeutic interventions in disorders like narcolepsy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
GSK-3β (Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta) is a serine/threonine protein kinase involved in various cellular processes, including metabolism, cell cycle, and apoptosis. It is a critical component of several signaling pathways, such as the Wnt and insulin pathways, making it a potential therapeutic target for diseases like cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders.
Annexin A1 is a protein that plays a crucial role in the regulation of inflammation and the immune response, acting primarily by inhibiting phospholipase A2 and promoting the resolution of inflammation. It is involved in various physiological processes, including apoptosis, cell proliferation, and the modulation of the innate immune system, making it a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases.
Mutational burden is like counting mistakes in a book, where each mistake is a change in the story. In our bodies, these mistakes happen in our DNA and can sometimes lead to diseases like cancer if there are too many of them.
The Neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) is a G protein-coupled receptor that primarily binds substance P, playing a crucial role in the regulation of pain, stress responses, and emesis. Its involvement in various physiological and pathological processes makes it a significant target for therapeutic interventions, particularly in the treatment of depression, anxiety, and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.