Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in the immune response, playing a crucial role in the activation of natural killer cells and T-helper 1 cells. It is implicated in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, making it a potential therapeutic target for conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.

Interleukin-18 (IL-18)

Interleukin-18

IL-18 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a crucial role in both innate and adaptive immune responses, often working in synergy with IL-12 to induce IFN-gamma production. It is involved in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, making it a target for therapeutic interventions aimed at modulating the immune system.

IL-18

Pro-inflammatory cytokine

The immune response is the body's defense mechanism against pathogens, involving a complex interplay between innate and adaptive immunity. It includes the recognition of foreign antigens, activation of immune cells, and the elimination of pathogens, while also maintaining tolerance to self-antigens to prevent autoimmunity.

Immune Response

Activation of natural killer cells

Activation of T-helper 1 cells

Inflammatory diseases involve the immune system's overreaction, leading to chronic inflammation and tissue damage, which can affect various organs and systems. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and triggers is crucial for developing effective treatments and managing symptoms.

Inflammatory Diseases

Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells, leading to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. These diseases can affect almost any part of the body and are influenced by genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors.

Autoimmune Diseases

A therapeutic target is a specific molecule or pathway in the body that can be modulated by a drug or therapeutic intervention to produce a desired therapeutic effect. Identifying and validating therapeutic targets is crucial in the drug development process, as it determines the direction of research and the potential success of new treatments.

Therapeutic Target

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that primarily affects joints, leading to pain, swelling, and potential joint destruction. It is an autoimmune condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues, and early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to managing symptoms and preventing long-term damage.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, primarily Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, which are characterized by periods of remission and flare-ups. The exact cause of IBD is unknown, but it involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and an abnormal immune response to intestinal microbiota.

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