A pro-inflammatory response is the body's immediate reaction to harmful stimuli, involving the activation of immune cells and the release of cytokines to eliminate pathogens or damaged cells. While essential for healing, excessive or chronic pro-inflammatory responses can lead to tissue damage and contribute to diseases such as arthritis and cardiovascular disease.

Pro-inflammatory Response

Harmful stimuli

Immune cells are the body's defense units that identify and neutralize pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and other harmful agents. They play a crucial role in maintaining health by distinguishing between self and non-self, thus preventing infections and diseases.

Immune Cells

Release of cytokines

Eliminate pathogens

Damaged cells

Healing

Excessive pro-inflammatory responses

Chronic pro-inflammatory responses

Tissue damage refers to the disruption of normal structure and function of biological tissues, often resulting from physical injury, infection, or disease. It triggers a complex repair process involving inflammation, cellular proliferation, and tissue remodeling to restore integrity and function.

Tissue Damage

Arthritis is a common condition characterized by inflammation of the joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. It encompasses over 100 different types, including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, each with distinct causes and treatment approaches.

Arthritis

Cardiovascular disease encompasses a range of heart and blood vessel disorders, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, and hypertension, which are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Prevention and management focus on lifestyle modifications, medication, and sometimes surgical interventions to reduce risk factors and improve heart health.

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