WordPiece is a subword tokenization algorithm used in natural language processing to efficiently handle rare words and improve the performance of language models by breaking down words into smaller, more manageable pieces. It balances the trade-off between vocabulary size and the ability to represent out-of-vocabulary words by using a data-driven approach to determine the most frequent subword units.
An observational study is a type of research where the investigator observes subjects and measures variables of interest without assigning treatments to the subjects. This approach is often used when randomized controlled trials are not feasible or ethical, allowing researchers to draw conclusions about associations and potential causal relationships based on naturally occurring variations.
Counterfactuals are hypothetical scenarios used to explore what could have happened if certain conditions were different, helping to understand causality and decision-making. They are essential in fields like philosophy, history, and artificial intelligence, where they aid in reasoning about alternate possibilities and outcomes.