Causal inference is the process of determining the cause-and-effect relationship between variables, distinguishing correlation from causation by using statistical methods and assumptions. It is crucial in fields like epidemiology, economics, and social sciences to make informed decisions and predictions based on data analysis.

Causal Inference

Causal inference

cause-and-effect relationship

correlation from causation

Statistical methods are a collection of mathematical techniques used for analyzing, interpreting, and presenting data to uncover patterns and relationships. They are essential in making informed decisions based on empirical data and are widely used across various fields such as science, business, and social sciences.

statistical methods

Statistical assumptions are underlying conditions that must be met for statistical methods to produce valid results, often concerning the distribution, independence, and variance of data. Violating these assumptions can lead to incorrect conclusions, making it crucial to verify them before performing statistical analyses.

Statistical Assumptions

Epidemiology is the study of how diseases affect the health and illness of populations, focusing on the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions. It is a cornerstone of public health that informs policy decisions and evidence-based practice by identifying risk factors for disease and targets for preventive healthcare.

epidemiology

Economics is the study of how individuals, businesses, and governments make choices on allocating resources to satisfy their wants and needs, and how these choices interact to shape markets and economies. It encompasses both microeconomic and macroeconomic perspectives, analyzing everything from individual consumer behavior to global economic trends.

economics

Social Sciences are a branch of science that study human societies and the relationships among individuals within those societies, employing both qualitative and quantitative research methods to understand social phenomena. They encompass various disciplines that analyze the structure, development, and functioning of human society, providing insights into how individuals interact with one another and the institutions they create.

social sciences

informed decisions

Data analysis involves systematically applying statistical and logical techniques to describe, illustrate, condense, and evaluate data. It is crucial for transforming raw data into meaningful insights that drive decision-making and strategic planning.

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