Causal effect refers to the change in an outcome that can be attributed directly to a change in a treatment or intervention, holding all other factors constant. It is a fundamental concept in statistics and scientific research for establishing cause-and-effect relationships rather than mere associations.

Causal Effect

Causal effect

change in an outcome

change in a treatment

Change in an intervention

holding all other factors constant

fundamental concept in statistics

Scientific research is like a big treasure hunt where scientists try to find answers to questions about the world. They use special tools and follow steps to make sure their findings are true and helpful.

scientific research

cause-and-effect relationships

mere associations

CUSTOMIZE YOUR LEARNING

CUSTOMIZE YOUR LEARNING

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