Standard output is a stream where a program writes its output data, typically directed to the screen or a file. It is one of the three standard streams in computing, alongside standard input and standard error, and can be redirected to different destinations as needed.

Standard Output

Output data

Program writes

Screen

File

Standard streams are predefined input, output, and error channels used in programming to facilitate communication between a program and its environment. They enable efficient data handling and error management by providing a consistent interface for reading from input devices and writing to output devices.

Standard Streams

Standard Input, often abbreviated as stdin, is a predefined stream in computer programming used to receive input data from a user or another program. It is typically associated with keyboard input in command-line interfaces and is fundamental for interactive applications and scripts.

Standard Input

Standard error measures the variability or dispersion of a sample statistic, often the sample mean, from the true population parameter. It indicates how much the sample mean is expected to fluctuate due to random sampling variability, and is crucial for constructing confidence intervals and conducting hypothesis tests.

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