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Cognitive bias refers to systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment, where individuals create their own 'subjective reality' from their perception of the input. These biases often result from the brain's attempt to simplify information processing, leading to errors in decision-making and judgment.
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Polarization refers to the division of opinions, beliefs, or ideologies into two sharply contrasting groups, often leading to a lack of common ground and increased social tension. It is a significant factor in political discourse, social dynamics, and media consumption, with implications for democratic processes and societal cohesion.
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Dichotomous thinking is a cognitive distortion that involves viewing situations in a binary way, such as seeing things as either all good or all bad, without recognizing any middle ground or complexity. This type of thinking can lead to misinterpretations and emotional distress as it oversimplifies reality and ignores the nuanced nature of most situations.
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Media framing refers to the way information is presented by the media, which can influence public perception and interpretation of events or issues. It involves the selection and emphasis of certain aspects of a story while downplaying or omitting others, shaping the narrative and potentially guiding audience attitudes and opinions.
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Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses. This cognitive bias can lead individuals to give more weight to evidence that supports their beliefs and undervalue evidence that contradicts them, thus reinforcing existing views and potentially leading to poor decision-making.
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Heuristics are mental shortcuts or rules of thumb that simplify decision-making processes by reducing the cognitive load required to make judgments. While they can be efficient and effective in certain contexts, they can also lead to systematic biases and errors in reasoning.
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Social Identity Theory posits that a person's self-concept is derived from perceived membership in social groups, influencing their behavior and attitudes. This theory explains intergroup behavior, highlighting how in-group favoritism and out-group discrimination arise from the need for positive self-esteem and Social Identity.
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Critical thinking is the disciplined process of actively evaluating, analyzing, and synthesizing information gathered from observation, experience, or communication. It involves questioning assumptions, recognizing biases, and making reasoned judgments to reach well-supported conclusions.
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HTTP/2 is an advanced version of the HTTP protocol that enhances web performance by enabling multiplexing, header compression, and server push, thus reducing latency and improving page load times. It maintains compatibility with HTTP/1.1 while introducing binary framing, which optimizes data transmission between clients and servers.
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