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Concept
Subjective Reality
Subjective reality
posits that
individual perception
shapes one's
experience of reality
, suggesting that there is no
absolute truth
but rather a
multitude of perspectives
. This concept emphasizes the role of
personal beliefs
, emotions, and
cultural background
in
interpreting the world
.
Relevant Fields:
Psychology 50%
Ontology 30%
Theory of Knowledge 20%
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Concept
Phenomenology
Phenomenology is a
philosophical approach
that emphasizes the
study of conscious experience
from the
first-person perspective
, seeking to uncover the
essential structures of experiences
and phenomena. It aims to bridge the gap between
subjective perception
and
objective reality
by examining
how things appear to consciousness
, rather than
what they are in themselves
.
Concept
Constructivism
Constructivism is a
learning theory
that posits knowledge is actively constructed by
learners through experiences
and
interactions with the world
, rather than passively received from
external sources
. It emphasizes the
importance of context
, prior knowledge, and
social interaction
in the
learning process
, promoting a
learner-centered approach
to education.
Concept
Perception
1
Perception is the process by which individuals organize and interpret
sensory information
to give
meaning to their environment
. It involves
complex interactions
between
sensory input
, cognitive processes, and
previous experiences
, shaping how we understand and
interact with the world around us
.
Concept
Relativism
Relativism is the
philosophical position
that asserts that truth and
moral values
are not absolute but are relative to the perspectives or
cultural contexts
from which they arise. This viewpoint challenges the notion of
universal truths
, suggesting that what is considered true or ethical can vary based on
differing frameworks
and experiences.
Concept
Cognitive Bias
Cognitive bias
refers to
systematic patterns of deviation
from
norm or rationality
in judgment, where individuals create their own '
subjective reality
' from their
perception of the input
. These biases often result from the brain's attempt to
simplify information processing
, leading to
errors in decision-making
and judgment.
Concept
Social Constructionism
Social constructionism
is a theory that suggests our
understanding of reality
is shaped through
social processes
and interactions, emphasizing that many aspects of our
perceived reality
are not inherent but constructed through cultural and
historical contexts
. It challenges the notion of
objective reality
by asserting that knowledge and meaning are created and maintained through
social agreements
and practices.
Concept
Interpretivism
Interpretivism is a
research paradigm
that emphasizes understanding the
subjective meanings
and
social contexts
that shape
human behavior
, contrasting with the objectivity sought in positivism. It relies on
qualitative methods
to explore how individuals construct and interpret their
social realities
, often valuing
depth of insight
over generalizability.
Concept
Epistemology
2
Epistemology is the
branch of philosophy
concerned with the
theory of knowledge
, exploring the nature, sources, limitations, and
validity of human understanding
. It addresses fundamental questions about what knowledge is, how it is acquired, and how we can differentiate between
true knowledge
and
mere belief
.
Concept
Perception Vs. Reality
Perception vs. reality
highlights the distinction between how
individuals interpret the world
and the
objective truth of situations
, emphasizing that
personal biases
, experiences, and
cognitive limitations
often shape one's understanding. This discrepancy can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts, as people may act based on their perceptions rather than the
actual circumstances
.
Concept
Reality
Reality is the
sum of all that is real
or existent, as opposed to what is merely imaginary or illusory, encompassing both the
physical universe
and the
abstract constructs
of
human perception
and understanding. It is a
multifaceted concept
that is explored across various disciplines, including philosophy, physics, and psychology, each offering unique perspectives on what constitutes the
nature of reality
.
Concept
Perceptual Discrepancy
Perceptual discrepancy
refers to the
differences in perception
between individuals or between
one's perception and reality
, often influenced by
cognitive biases
, sensory limitations, and
contextual factors
. Understanding these discrepancies is crucial for
improving communication
,
enhancing empathy
, and fostering
better decision-making
by recognizing the
subjective nature of perception
.
Concept
Personal Construct Theory
Personal Construct Theory
, developed by
George Kelly
, posits that individuals interpret the world through a unique set of
bipolar constructs
, which are
mental filters
shaped by
personal experiences
. These constructs guide how people perceive, predict, and respond to events, influencing their behavior and
psychological functioning
.
Concept
Perception And Reality
Perception and reality
often diverge, as individuals interpret the world through
subjective lenses
shaped by their experiences, emotions, and
cognitive biases
. Understanding this discrepancy is crucial for navigating
interpersonal relationships
and making
informed decisions
, as it highlights the importance of
questioning assumptions
and seeking
diverse perspectives
.
Concept
Reality Distortion
Reality distortion
is when someone sees or believes things in a way that is very different from how they really are. It's like wearing
special glasses
that change
how you see the world
, making some things look
bigger or smaller
than they actually are.
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