Arousal from sleep is a complex physiological process that transitions the brain from a sleeping to a wakeful state, often involving multiple neural pathways and neurotransmitter systems. This process can be influenced by external stimuli, internal biological rhythms, and sleep disorders, impacting overall sleep quality and cognitive function.
Non-Benzodiazepine Hypnotics are a class of medications used primarily to treat insomnia, acting on the GABA-A receptor complex to induce sleep with fewer side effects and lower potential for dependence than traditional benzodiazepines. They include drugs like zolpidem, zaleplon, and eszopiclone, characterized by their selective action and shorter half-lives, making them suitable for short-term management of sleep disorders.