Concept
Sharia is a system of Islamic law derived from the Quran, Hadith, and centuries of interpretation by Islamic scholars, encompassing both personal and communal aspects of life. It varies widely in application and interpretation across different cultures and legal systems, influencing areas such as family law, finance, and criminal justice.
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Concept
Islamic jurisprudence, or Fiqh, is the human understanding and interpretation of Sharia, the divine law in Islam, which guides the religious, moral, and legal aspects of a Muslim's life. It is derived from primary sources such as the Quran and Sunnah, and secondary sources like Ijma and Qiyas, allowing for adaptation and application in diverse contexts and times.
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The Quran is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be the literal word of God as revealed to the Prophet Muhammad through the angel Gabriel. It serves as a comprehensive guide for personal conduct, legal principles, and spiritual teachings, influencing both individual lives and broader Islamic culture and law.
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Hadith refers to the recorded sayings, actions, and approvals of the Prophet Muhammad, serving as a significant source of guidance in Islamic theology and law alongside the Quran. They are categorized based on authenticity and reliability, influencing Islamic jurisprudence and daily practices for Muslims worldwide.
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Fiqh is the Islamic jurisprudence that involves the understanding and application of Sharia law, derived from the Quran and Hadith, to guide Muslims in their daily lives. It is a dynamic and interpretative process that requires scholars to consider historical context, linguistic nuances, and the needs of contemporary society.
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Ijma is an Islamic jurisprudential concept that refers to the consensus of scholars and the Muslim community on a particular legal issue, serving as a source of Islamic law alongside the Quran and Hadith. It plays a crucial role in adapting Islamic teachings to new circumstances and ensuring unity in interpretation and application of Shariah law.
Concept
Qiyas is an Islamic jurisprudential method that extends legal rulings from established cases to new cases based on analogical reasoning. It is used to derive legal rulings when the Quran and Sunnah do not explicitly address a specific issue, ensuring the adaptability of Sharia law to new circumstances.
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Halal refers to anything that is permissible under Islamic law, commonly associated with food and dietary laws but extending to other aspects of life such as finance and lifestyle. It encompasses practices that are deemed clean, ethical, and in accordance with Islamic teachings, ensuring thatMuslims live in a way that is aligned with their faith.
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Haram is a word used in Islam to describe things that are not allowed or forbidden, like certain foods or actions. It's important for Muslims to avoid haram things to follow their religious teachings and live a good life.
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Tazir refers to discretionary punishment in Islamic law, where the judge has the authority to determine the appropriate penalty for offenses not specified by the Quran or Hadith. It serves as a flexible legal mechanism to address a wide range of minor offenses and maintain social order within the framework of Shariah law.
Concept
Muamalat refers to the set of Islamic commercial and civil laws governing economic transactions and social interactions, emphasizing ethical behavior and fairness. It encompasses a wide range of activities including trade, contracts, partnerships, and financial transactions, all guided by principles derived from Islamic jurisprudence to ensure justice and prevent exploitation.
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Prophet Muhammad is the founder of Islam, regarded by Muslims as the last prophet sent by God to guide humanity with the message of the Quran. His teachings and life events, known as the Sunnah, form the basis of Islamic law and practice, influencing billions of followers worldwide.
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Qisas is an Islamic legal principle that allows for retributive justice, where the punishment mirrors the crime, typically applied in cases of murder or bodily harm. It emphasizes the victim's family's right to seek justice or offer forgiveness, highlighting themes of balance and mercy within Islamic jurisprudence.
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Islamic Law, or Sharia, is a comprehensive legal system derived from the Quran, Hadith, and other Islamic texts, governing both public and private aspects of life for Muslims. It encompasses a wide range of legal, moral, and ethical guidelines, and its interpretation can vary significantly across different cultures and schools of thought within Islam.
Concept
Islamic culture is a rich tapestry of traditions, values, and practices that have evolved over centuries, deeply rooted in the teachings of Islam and the historical experiences of Muslim communities. It encompasses diverse expressions in art, architecture, literature, and social norms, reflecting both unity in faith and diversity in cultural practices across different regions.
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Islamic ethics, rooted in the Quran and Hadith, emphasizes moral conduct, justice, and the welfare of the community, guiding individuals to live in harmony with divine principles. It encompasses both personal virtues and social responsibilities, promoting values like honesty, compassion, and accountability in all aspects of life.
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Hadith Nabawi refers to the sayings, actions, and approvals of the Prophet Muhammad, serving as a primary source of Islamic law and moral guidance alongside the Quran. It is essential for understanding the Prophet’s teachings and the context of Quranic revelations, playing a crucial role in shaping Islamic jurisprudence and daily life practices for Muslims.
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Ethics in Islam is deeply rooted in the Quran and Hadith, emphasizing principles such as justice, compassion, and accountability to God. It encompasses both personal morality and social justice, guiding Muslims in their interactions with others and their responsibilities to the community and the environment.
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Islamic education is a system of learning that encompasses both religious and secular knowledge, rooted in the teachings of the Quran and the Hadith. It aims to develop individuals spiritually, morally, and intellectually, promoting a holistic approach to personal and societal development.
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Halal and Haram are Islamic terms that classify actions, objects, and behaviors as permissible or forbidden according to Islamic law (Sharia). Understanding these classifications is crucial for Muslims as they guide ethical decision-making and daily practices in accordance with religious beliefs.
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Dar al-Islam, meaning 'house of Islam,' refers to regions under Islamic rule where Islamic law prevails and Muslims can practice their faith freely. Historically, it has been a central concept in Islamic jurisprudence, distinguishing territories governed by Islamic principles from those that are not, known as Dar al-Harb or 'house of war.'
Concept
Islamic political movements are diverse groups and ideologies that seek to apply Islamic principles to political governance, ranging from moderate reformists to radical Islamists. These movements have emerged in response to colonialism, perceived Western imperialism, and local governance issues, aiming to establish systems that reflect Islamic values and law.
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Islamic Democracy is a political ideology that seeks to harmonize Islamic principles with democratic governance, allowing for the coexistence of religious values and democratic institutions. It emphasizes the role of Sharia as a guiding framework while upholding democratic principles such as popular sovereignty, human rights, and electoral processes.
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Dar al-Harb is an Islamic jurisprudential term that refers to territories not under Islamic rule, where Islamic law is not implemented, and where Muslims may face hostility. Historically, it has been used to distinguish between lands of peace (Dar al-Islam) and lands of conflict, guiding Muslim interactions with non-Muslim territories.
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Islamic governance refers to a political and legal framework that is based on the principles and laws derived from the Quran and Hadith, with the aim of establishing a society that aligns with Islamic teachings. It emphasizes justice, accountability, and the welfare of the community while integrating religious and political authority to guide public and private life.
Concept
The Islamic economic system is a framework for economic activity based on Islamic law (Sharia), emphasizing ethical and moral principles such as social justice, equitable distribution of wealth, and prohibition of interest (riba). It integrates religious values with economic practices to promote welfare and economic stability while discouraging exploitation and speculation.
Concept
Islamic political theory is a framework that integrates religious principles with political governance, emphasizing the application of Sharia law and the moral and ethical guidance of Islamic teachings in statecraft. It seeks to balance the spiritual and temporal needs of society, often advocating for a political system that upholds justice, equality, and the welfare of the community in accordance with Islamic values.
Historical Islamic governance refers to the various forms of political and administrative systems developed under Islamic rule, characterized by the integration of religious principles with state governance. It evolved through different periods, from the Rashidun Caliphate to the Ottoman Empire, each adapting Islamic jurisprudence to their sociopolitical contexts while maintaining the core tenets of Sharia law.
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