Hearing loss is a partial or total inability to hear, which can be caused by a variety of factors including age, noise exposure, and genetic conditions. It affects communication and quality of life, and can be managed with hearing aids, cochlear implants, or other interventions depending on the type and severity.
Fluid in the middle ear, also known as otitis media with effusion, is a condition where fluid accumulates behind the eardrum, often following an ear infection or due to Eustachian tube dysfunction. This can lead to hearing difficulties and, if persistent, may require medical intervention such as tympanostomy tubes to prevent complications.
Ear infections, or otitis media, are common conditions where the middle ear becomes inflamed, often due to bacterial or viral infections. They are particularly prevalent in children and can cause pain, fever, and irritability, sometimes leading to hearing difficulties if recurrent or untreated.
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a Gram-positive bacterium that is a major cause of pneumonia, meningitis, and other invasive diseases, particularly in young children and the elderly. It is characterized by its polysaccharide capsule, which is a key virulence factor and target for vaccine development.