An independent variable is a factor in an experiment or study that is manipulated or controlled to observe its effect on a dependent variable. It is essential for establishing causal relationships and is typically plotted on the x-axis in graphs.

Independent Variable

independent variable

A dependent variable is the outcome factor that researchers measure in an experiment or study, which is influenced by changes in the independent variable. It is crucial for determining the effect of the independent variable and understanding causal relationships in research settings.

dependent variable

Causal relationships identify a cause-and-effect connection between two variables, where a change in one directly results in a change in the other. Understanding these relationships is crucial for predicting outcomes, making informed decisions, and establishing scientific theories.

causal relationships

Factors in an experiment

Manipulated variable

Controlled variable

effect on a dependent variable

x-axis in graphs

Introduction to Regression Concepts and Python Tools

Variables

Mastering the Art of Isolating Variables: A Gentle Guide

Designing a Hypothesis and Experimentation Framework

Distinguishing Main Effects from Interactions

Formulating a Testable Hypothesis

Formulating and Testing Hypotheses on Study Environments

Relevant Degrees

Your Lessons