A confounding variable is an external influence that can distort the apparent relationship between the independent and dependent variables in a study, leading to incorrect conclusions. Identifying and controlling for confounders is crucial to ensure the validity and reliability of research findings.

Confounding Variable

confounding variable

External influence is when things outside of us or our group make us think or act in certain ways. It can come from people, places, or things around us, like friends, family, or even TV shows.

external influence

apparent relationship

An independent variable is a factor in an experiment or study that is manipulated or controlled to observe its effect on a dependent variable. It is essential for establishing causal relationships and is typically plotted on the x-axis in graphs.

Independent Variable

A dependent variable is the outcome factor that researchers measure in an experiment or study, which is influenced by changes in the independent variable. It is crucial for determining the effect of the independent variable and understanding causal relationships in research settings.

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