Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory in physics that describes the physical properties of nature at the smallest scales, such as atoms and subatomic particles. It introduces concepts like wave-particle duality, uncertainty principle, and quantum entanglement, which challenge classical intuitions about the behavior of matter and energy.
Bosons are fundamental particles that obey Bose-Einstein statistics and are responsible for mediating forces in the universe, such as photons for electromagnetic force and gluons for the strong force. Unlike fermions, bosons can occupy the same quantum state, allowing phenomena like superconductivity and Bose-Einstein condensates.