Thermal equilibrium is a state in which two or more objects in thermal contact no longer exchange energy through heat, resulting in a uniform temperature across the system. It is a fundamental concept in thermodynamics that underlies the zeroth law, which allows the definition of temperature scales.

Thermal Equilibrium

Thermal equilibrium

State of thermal equilibrium

Thermal contact refers to the interface between two materials through which heat is transferred, and its efficiency is determined by the thermal contact conductance. Factors such as surface roughness, material properties, and the presence of interstitial materials significantly affect the rate of heat transfer across this interface.

thermal contact

Exchange of energy through heat

uniform temperature

fundamental concept in thermodynamics

The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics establishes that if two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other. This principle allows for the definition of temperature as a fundamental and measurable property of matter, facilitating the use of thermometers to compare temperatures across different systems.

Zeroth Law Of Thermodynamics

definition of temperature scales

Overview of Temperature Classification

Exploring the Core Principles and Applications of Heat Transfer

The Fundamentals of Heat Transfer: Principles and Applications in Technology

The Fundamentals of Heat Transfer: From Theory to Practical Applications

Measurement of Temperature

Relevant Degrees

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