Fetal-maternal exchange refers to the transfer of nutrients, gases, and waste products between the mother and the developing fetus through the placenta. This exchange is crucial for fetal development and maternal health, as it supports fetal growth and ensures the removal of waste products from the fetal circulation.

Fetal-maternal Exchange

Transfer of nutrients

Transfer of gases

Transfer of waste products

Mother and the developing fetus

The placenta

Fetal development is a complex process that transforms a fertilized egg into a fully formed baby, occurring over approximately 40 weeks in the mother's womb. This process is divided into three trimesters, each characterized by specific developmental milestones, including organ formation, growth, and maturation.

Fetal Development

Maternal health refers to the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period, encompassing a range of healthcare services aimed at ensuring safe pregnancy and childbirth. It is crucial for reducing maternal morbidity and mortality, and improving the overall health outcomes for mothers and their babies.

Maternal Health

Supports fetal growth

Removal of waste products

Fetal circulation is a unique circulatory system in a developing fetus that allows oxygen and nutrients from the placenta to bypass the lungs and liver, which are not yet fully functional. This system includes specialized structures such as the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale, which close after birth, transitioning the circulation to the adult pattern.

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