Fetal circulation is a unique circulatory system in a developing fetus that allows oxygen and nutrients from the placenta to bypass the lungs and liver, which are not yet fully functional. This system includes specialized structures such as the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale, which close after birth, transitioning the circulation to the adult pattern.

Fetal Circulation

Fetal circulation

unique circulatory system

developing fetus

oxygen and nutrients from the placenta

bypass the lungs and liver

specialized structures

The ductus arteriosus is a vital fetal blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta, allowing blood to bypass the non-functioning fetal lungs. After birth, it typically closes within the first few days, but if it remains open, it can lead to a condition known as patent ductus arteriosus, which may require medical intervention.

ductus arteriosus

The foramen ovale is an opening in the septum between the right and left atria of the fetal heart, allowing blood to bypass the non-functioning fetal lungs. It typically closes soon after birth, becoming the fossa ovalis, but if it remains open, it can lead to a condition known as patent foramen ovale (PFO).

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