The Fermi-Dirac distribution describes the statistical distribution of particles over energy states in systems that obey the Pauli exclusion principle, such as electrons in a metal. It is crucial for understanding the behavior of fermions at different temperatures, particularly at absolute zero where it predicts a step function in energy occupation.

Fermi-Dirac Distribution

Fermi-Dirac distribution

statistical distribution of particles

energy states in systems

The Pauli Exclusion Principle, formulated by Wolfgang Pauli in 1925, states that no two fermions can occupy the same quantum state simultaneously within a quantum system. This principle is fundamental in explaining the structure of atoms and the behavior of electrons in atoms, leading to the diverse properties of matter.

Pauli exclusion principle

electrons in a metal

behavior of fermions

different temperatures

Absolute zero is the theoretical temperature at which a system's entropy reaches its minimum value, and molecular motion comes to a complete halt. It is a fundamental limit in thermodynamics, representing 0 Kelvin or -273.15 degrees Celsius, where no further thermal energy can be extracted from a substance.

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