Molecular motion refers to the constant, random movement of molecules within a substance, driven by thermal energy. This motion is fundamental to processes such as diffusion, osmosis, and the kinetic theory of gases, influencing the behavior and properties of matter at the microscopic level.

Molecular Motion

Molecular motion

random movement of molecules

Thermal energy is the internal energy present in a system due to the random motions of its particles, often associated with temperature and heat transfer. It plays a crucial role in thermodynamics, influencing how energy is transferred and transformed in physical processes.

thermal energy

Diffusion is the process by which particles spread from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration, driven by the kinetic energy of the particles. It is a fundamental mechanism in various natural and artificial processes, influencing everything from cellular respiration to the distribution of pollutants in the environment.

diffusion

Osmosis is the passive movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration, aiming to equalize solute concentrations on both sides of the membrane. This process is vital for maintaining cell turgor pressure and homeostasis in biological systems.

osmosis

The Kinetic Theory of Gases explains the macroscopic properties of gases by considering their molecular composition and motion. It assumes that gases consist of a large number of small particles in constant, random motion, and that the pressure exerted by a gas results from collisions of the particles with the walls of the container.

kinetic theory of gases

Behavior Of Matter

Everything around us is made of matter, and matter has special things called properties that we can see or feel, like how it looks, feels, or smells. These properties help us tell different things apart, like knowing a rock is hard and an ice cream is cold and sweet.

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