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Web standards are a set of guidelines and specifications established by international bodies like the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) to ensure that websites and web technologies are universally accessible and interoperable. They promote consistency and compatibility across different web browsers and devices, enabling a seamless user experience and fostering innovation in web development.

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CSS, or Cascading Style Sheets, is a stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of a document written in HTML or XML, enabling the separation of content from design for web pages. It allows developers to control layout, colors, fonts, and overall appearance, enhancing user experience and accessibility across different devices and screen sizes.

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JavaScript is a versatile, high-level programming language primarily used for enhancing interactivity and functionality of web pages. It is an essential component of the web development triad, alongside HTML and CSS, and is supported by all modern web browsers without the need for plugins.
Accessibility ensures that products, services, and environments are usable by people with a wide range of abilities and disabilities, promoting inclusivity and equal access. It encompasses designing for physical, cognitive, and technological barriers to create an equitable experience for all users.
Interoperability refers to the ability of different systems, devices, or applications to work together within or across organizational boundaries in a seamless manner. It is crucial for enabling communication, data exchange, and functionality sharing, thereby enhancing efficiency and reducing redundancy.
The Semantic Web is an extension of the current web, aiming to enable machines to understand and interpret the meaning of information by structuring data in a way that is readable and processable by computers. It leverages technologies like RDF, OWL, and SPARQL to create a web of data that can be easily shared, reused, and connected across different applications and communities.
Responsive Design is an approach to web development that ensures a website's layout and functionality adapt seamlessly to different screen sizes and devices. It enhances user experience by using flexible grids, fluid images, and CSS media queries to create a consistent and accessible interface across desktops, tablets, and smartphones.
Internationalization is the strategic process of designing products, services, and operations to be easily adaptable to various cultural and linguistic markets worldwide. It involves tailoring business practices to meet the diverse needs of global audiences while maintaining a cohesive brand identity.
The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are a set of internationally recognized standards developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) to ensure web content is accessible to people with disabilities. These guidelines focus on four main principles: Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Robust (POUR), which aim to make the web more inclusive and usable for everyone.
Cross-browser compatibility ensures that a website or web application functions correctly and consistently across different web browsers, providing a uniform user experience. It involves addressing variations in browser rendering engines, CSS support, JavaScript execution, and HTML parsing to prevent display and functionality issues.
Web browser compatibility refers to the ability of a website or web application to function correctly across different web browsers and their versions. Ensuring compatibility is crucial for providing a consistent user experience and maintaining accessibility, as users may access the web using various browsers with different rendering engines and capabilities.
Cross-browser testing is the process of ensuring that a web application functions correctly and consistently across different web browsers and devices. It helps identify compatibility issues, ensuring a seamless user experience regardless of the browser or platform used.
A browser rendering engine is responsible for interpreting HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to display web pages on a user's screen. It plays a crucial role in the user experience by converting code into a visually interactive format, handling layout, painting, and compositing processes efficiently.
A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a string of characters used to identify a resource on the internet, which can be either a URL or a URN. URIs provide a simple and extensible means for identifying a resource, enabling interaction with representations of the resource over the web.
JavaScript compatibility refers to the ability of JavaScript code to function across different web browsers and environments without issues. Ensuring compatibility often involves understanding and utilizing polyfills, transpilers, and testing across various platforms to maintain consistent behavior and performance.
Browser inconsistencies refer to the differences in how web browsers interpret and display web content, leading to variations in user experience across different platforms. These inconsistencies arise due to differences in rendering engines, support for web standards, and proprietary features, necessitating careful testing and adaptation by developers to ensure cross-browser compatibility.
Vendor prefixes are a way for browser developers to add support for new CSS features before they are standardized, allowing developers to experiment with and use these features while still in development. However, reliance on Vendor prefixes can lead to inconsistencies and maintenance challenges as the features become standardized and the prefixes are eventually deprecated.
Device independence refers to the ability of software or digital content to function seamlessly across various hardware platforms and operating systems without requiring modifications. This ensures a consistent user experience regardless of the device being used, enhancing accessibility and usability.
Web browsers are software applications that enable users to access, retrieve, and interact with content on the World Wide Web, rendering HTML and other web technologies into a visual and interactive format. They serve as the primary interface between users and the internet, supporting various protocols and standards to ensure compatibility and security across different platforms and devices.
HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language used to create and design documents on the World Wide Web, allowing users to structure content with elements like headings, paragraphs, lists, links, and multimedia. HTML works in conjunction with CSS and JavaScript to build and style interactive web pages, forming the backbone of web development.
The Web App Manifest is a JSON file that provides essential metadata about a web application, enabling it to be installed on a user's device with a native-like experience. It allows developers to specify details such as the app's name, icons, start URL, display mode, and theme color, enhancing the integration and user experience on mobile and desktop platforms.
A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a string of characters used to identify a resource on the internet, ensuring that resources can be accessed and interacted with across the web. URIs are crucial for the functioning of the web, as they provide a standardized way to locate and address resources, often seen in the form of URLs and URNs.
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is the main international standards organization for the World Wide Web, aiming to develop protocols and guidelines that ensure the long-term growth of the web. Founded by Tim Berners-Lee, the W3C's mission is to lead the web to its full potential by creating open standards that enable interoperability and promote web accessibility.
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UTF-8 is a variable-width character encoding system that can represent every character in the Unicode character set, making it the most widely used encoding on the web. It is backward compatible with ASCII and efficiently encodes characters using one to four bytes, optimizing for both space and compatibility.
A web browser is a software application used to access and interact with information on the World Wide Web. It retrieves, presents, and traverses resources such as web pages, images, and videos, allowing users to navigate the internet seamlessly.
Semantic markup involves using HTML tags to convey the meaning and structure of web content, enhancing both human and machine readability. This approach improves accessibility, search engine optimization, and interoperability by providing context to the data displayed on web pages.
User Agent Stylesheets are default styles provided by web browsers to ensure web pages have a basic, consistent appearance before any custom styles are applied by developers. They help maintain a standard look across different browsers, but can be overridden by author stylesheets to customize the appearance of web content.
Web components are a set of standardized technologies that allow developers to create reusable and encapsulated HTML elements. They enable the creation of custom elements with their own behavior and styling, promoting modularity and maintainability in web applications.
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Flex-grow is a CSS property that defines the ability for a flex item to grow if necessary. It specifies what amount of the available space inside the flex container the item should take up, relative to the other items.
The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are a set of recommendations designed to make web content more accessible to people with disabilities, including visual, auditory, physical, speech, cognitive, language, learning, and neurological disabilities. By following these guidelines, web developers and content creators can ensure their websites are usable by as wide an audience as possible, thereby promoting inclusivity and equal access to information and services online.
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