Varices are abnormally dilated veins that most commonly occur in the esophagus or stomach due to increased pressure in the portal venous system, often as a result of liver cirrhosis. They pose a significant risk of bleeding, which can be life-threatening and requires urgent medical intervention.

Varices

Abnormally dilated veins

The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the throat (pharynx) with the stomach, facilitating the passage of food and liquids. It plays a critical role in the digestive system by coordinating peristaltic movements to ensure the efficient transport of ingested materials to the stomach for further digestion.

Esophagus

The stomach is like a stretchy bag inside your body that helps turn the food you eat into tiny pieces your body can use. It does this by mixing the food with special juices and moving it around until it's ready to go to the next part of your body to get even smaller.

Stomach

Increased pressure

The portal venous system is a crucial component of the circulatory system that directs blood from parts of the gastrointestinal tract to the liver, allowing for the detoxification of substances and the metabolism of nutrients. It is distinct from other venous systems due to its role in transporting blood to the liver before it returns to the heart, making it essential for maintaining metabolic homeostasis.

Portal Venous System

Liver cirrhosis is a chronic condition characterized by irreversible scarring of liver tissue, often resulting from long-term liver damage due to factors like alcohol abuse, hepatitis, or fatty liver disease. This scarring impairs liver function, leading to complications such as portal hypertension, liver failure, and increased risk of liver cancer.

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