Concept
Human rights are the fundamental rights and freedoms that belong to every person in the world, from birth until death, and they are based on principles of dignity, equality, and mutual respect. These rights are universal, indivisible, and interdependent, meaning they cannot be taken away or denied, and they are essential for the protection of human dignity and the development of individuals and societies.
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Discrimination involves unfair treatment of individuals or groups based on characteristics such as race, gender, age, or sexual orientation, rather than individual merit. It perpetuates inequality and can manifest in various forms, including institutional, structural, and interpersonal discrimination.
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Oppression is a systemic and pervasive exertion of power and control by a dominant group over marginalized groups, resulting in social, economic, and political disadvantage. It manifests through institutional practices, cultural norms, and individual behaviors that sustain inequality and limit access to resources and opportunities for the oppressed.
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Social exclusion refers to the process in which individuals or groups are systematically blocked from accessing rights, opportunities, and resources that are normally available to members of society and that are key to social integration. It is often linked to discrimination and can lead to significant disparities in health, education, and economic status.
Concept
Asylum is a form of international protection granted to individuals fleeing persecution or serious harm in their home country, based on race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group. It involves legal processes where the applicant must demonstrate a well-founded fear of persecution, and if granted, allows the individual to remain in the host country with certain rights and protections.
Concept
Genocide is the deliberate and systematic destruction of a racial, ethnic, national, or religious group, often involving mass killings, forced displacement, and other forms of persecution. It is recognized as a crime under international law, with the intent to eliminate the targeted group in whole or in part, and is considered one of the most heinous violations of human rights.
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Hate crimes are criminal acts motivated by bias or prejudice against a person's race, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity, or other protected characteristics. They not only harm the individual victim but also send a message of intimidation and fear to the entire community associated with the victim's identity.
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Religious persecution involves the systematic mistreatment of individuals or groups due to their religious beliefs, often resulting in social, political, and economic marginalization. It can manifest in various forms, including discrimination, violence, and legal restrictions, and is driven by factors such as intolerance, fear, and the desire for cultural or ideological dominance.
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Ethnic cleansing refers to the deliberate and systematic removal of an ethnic or religious group from a specific territory through various means, including forced displacement, violence, and intimidation. It is often perpetrated to achieve ethnic homogeneity and can result in severe human rights violations and humanitarian crises.
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Political repression involves the restriction of political freedoms and the persecution of individuals or groups who oppose the ruling government, often through coercive measures such as censorship, imprisonment, or violence. It is typically employed by authoritarian regimes to maintain power and suppress dissent, undermining democratic processes and human rights.
Concept
The 'Right to Asylum' is a fundamental human right that allows individuals fleeing persecution, war, or violence to seek refuge in another country. It is enshrined in international law, primarily through the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol, which obligate states to protect those who qualify as refugees under specific criteria.
Concept
Refugee Status Determination (RSD) is a legal and administrative process used to determine whether an individual seeking international protection meets the criteria for refugee status as defined by international law. It is crucial for ensuring that individuals who are fleeing persecution receive the protection they need while maintaining the integrity of asylum systems.
Concept
Legal standards in asylum involve a set of criteria and procedures established by international and national laws to determine the eligibility of individuals seeking protection from persecution in their home countries. These standards ensure that asylum seekers are treated fairly and that their claims are assessed in accordance with human rights principles and refugee law obligations.
Concept
Refugee status is a form of international protection granted to individuals who have fled their country due to a well-founded fear of persecution based on race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. This status is recognized under international law, particularly the 1951 Refugee Convention, and provides certain rights and protections to refugees, including non-refoulement, the right to work, and access to social services.
Concept
Refugee Law is a branch of international law that establishes the rights of individuals who flee persecution and the obligations of nations to protect them. It is primarily governed by the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol, which define who qualifies as a refugee and outline the principle of non-refoulement, prohibiting the return of refugees to places where they face danger.
Concept
Asylum and Refugee Law governs the protection of individuals who flee their home countries due to persecution, ensuring their safety and basic rights under international agreements like the 1951 Refugee Convention. This legal framework establishes criteria for refugee status, outlines the obligations of host countries, and provides mechanisms for asylum seekers to apply for protection.
Refugee and asylum seeker status are legal designations for individuals who flee their home countries due to persecution, war, or violence, seeking protection in another country. While refugees are granted this status before entering the host country, asylum seekers apply for protection upon arrival or after entering the host country, and their status is determined through a legal process.
Concept
Asylum law is a branch of international and domestic law that provides protection to individuals fleeing persecution based on race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. It ensures that these individuals are not returned to a country where they face serious threats to their life or freedom, adhering to the principle of non-refoulement.
Concept
Martyrdom is the act of sacrificing one's life or enduring great suffering for a cause, often religious or ideological, and is seen as a powerful testament to the strength of one's beliefs. It serves as both a symbol of ultimate commitment and a tool for inspiring and rallying others to the cause.
Concept
Political asylum is a form of protection granted to individuals who have fled their home country due to persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution based on race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. It is a legal status that allows individuals to remain in the host country and potentially gain permanent residency, provided they meet specific criteria under international and national laws.
Concept
Asylum seekers are individuals who flee their home countries due to persecution or fear of persecution based on race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion, and seek protection in another country. They must undergo a legal process to prove their need for asylum before being granted refugee status, which allows them to remain in the host country legally.
Concept
An asylum seeker is an individual who seeks international protection from persecution or serious harm in their home country but whose claim for refugee status has not yet been legally recognized. The process for seeking asylum involves legal procedures and evaluations to determine if the individual meets the criteria for refugee status under international law.
Concept
Asylum and refugee status are legal protections granted to individuals who have fled their home countries due to persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution based on race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. These protections are critical components of international human rights law, providing a framework for the safety and rights of displaced persons seeking refuge from threats to their life and freedom.
Concept
A Credible Fear Interview is a preliminary screening conducted by immigration officials to determine if an asylum seeker has a legitimate fear of persecution in their home country, which would qualify them for asylum proceedings in the United States. This process is crucial as it acts as a gateway for individuals to access protection under international and domestic asylum laws, ensuring that those with genuine claims are not returned to potentially life-threatening situations.
Concept
Tribulation refers to a period of significant difficulty or suffering, often used in religious contexts to describe an era of trials before an anticipated redemption or salvation. It is a central theme in eschatology, particularly in Christian theology, where it denotes a time of turmoil preceding the Second Coming of Christ.
Concept
Credible fear refers to the initial screening process used in asylum cases to determine if an applicant has a legitimate fear of persecution in their home country, which could qualify them for asylum. It is a crucial step in the asylum process as it assesses whether the applicant's fear is reasonable and well-founded, allowing them to proceed with a full asylum hearing.
Concept
The first people who believed in Islam were special friends and family of Prophet Muhammad who helped him share his new ideas about being kind and fair. They were brave because they believed in something new and different when many others did not understand it yet.
An asylum seeker is a person who has fled their home country and is seeking protection in another country, but whose claim for refugee status has not yet been decided. A refugee, on the other hand, is someone who has been recognized under international law as needing protection due to a well-founded fear of persecution based on factors like race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.
Concept
Islamic martyrdom, known as 'shahada', is revered within Islam as the ultimate form of sacrifice for one's faith, promising eternal paradise in return. However, interpretations vary among different Islamic sects and scholars, between spiritual martyrdom in the face of persecution and the controversial idea of violent jihad as martyrdom.
Concept
Asylum seeking involves individuals fleeing their home countries due to persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution and seeking protection in another country. This process is governed by international and national laws to protect the rights of refugees and ensure they are not returned to danger.
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