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DNA replication slippage is a process that occurs during DNA replication where the DNA polymerase slips on the template strand, leading to insertions or deletions of short repeat sequences. This mechanism is a major source of microsatellite instability and contributes to genetic variation and certain genetic disorders.
DNA damage repair is a critical set of processes that cells use to fix damage to the DNA structure, maintaining genomic integrity and preventing diseases such as cancer. These repair mechanisms are highly efficient and involve several pathways to detect and correct various types of DNA lesions caused by factors like UV radiation, chemicals, and replication errors.
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