Game theory is a mathematical framework used for analyzing strategic interactions where the outcome for each participant depends on the actions of all involved. It provides insights into competitive and cooperative behaviors in economics, politics, and beyond, helping to predict and explain decision-making processes in complex scenarios.
Cost-benefit analysis in evolution refers to the evaluation of trade-offs between the costs and benefits of certain traits or behaviors that affect an organism's fitness and survival. This analysis helps explain why certain traits evolve, persist, or disappear, based on their impact on reproductive success and resource allocation.