Migration is the movement of people from one place to another with the intention of settling temporarily or permanently in a new location. It is driven by a variety of factors including economic opportunities, environmental conditions, political instability, and social networks, and has significant implications for both the origin and destination regions.
Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species, often through mechanisms such as geographic isolation, genetic divergence, and reproductive isolation. This process is fundamental to biodiversity, as it leads to the formation of new species and the diversification of life on Earth.
Random genetic drift is a mechanism of evolution that refers to random fluctuations in the frequencies of alleles in a population, particularly affecting small populations. It can lead to the loss of genetic variation and can cause alleles to become fixed or lost purely by chance, independent of natural selection.