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A data bus is a communication system within a computer or device, responsible for transferring data between components. It plays a crucial role in determining the speed and efficiency of data processing and overall system performance.
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An address bus is a critical component in a computer architecture that carries memory addresses from the processor to other components, allowing the CPU to access specific memory locations. The width of the address bus determines the maximum addressing capability of the system, directly influencing how much memory can be accessed by the processor.
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The control bus is a crucial component of a computer's architecture that carries control signals between the CPU and other components, orchestrating the operations of the system. It ensures proper communication and synchronization by transmitting commands such as read, write, and interrupt signals across the system's architecture.
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Bus width refers to the number of bits that can be transmitted simultaneously over a computer bus, directly impacting the data transfer rate and overall system performance. A wider bus can carry more data at once, leading to faster processing and improved efficiency in data-intensive applications.
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A bus protocol is a set of rules and standards that dictate how data is transmitted over a bus system, ensuring reliable communication between different components of a computer system. It defines the electrical, timing, and procedural specifications necessary for devices to communicate effectively and avoid conflicts on the shared communication medium.
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Bus arbitration is a mechanism used in computer systems to manage access to a shared bus, ensuring that multiple devices can communicate without conflict. It involves determining which device has priority to use the bus at any given time, optimizing system performance and preventing data collisions.
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Bus latency refers to the time delay between initiating a request for data transfer and the actual start of the data movement across a bus in a computer system. It is a critical factor affecting the overall performance of a system, as high latency can lead to inefficiencies and slower processing times.
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Bus bandwidth refers to the data transfer capacity of a bus, measured in bits per second, which determines how much data can be moved across the bus in a given time. It is crucial for system performance as it impacts the speed at which data can be transferred between components like the CPU, memory, and peripheral devices.
Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) is a local computer bus standard developed by Intel for attaching hardware devices in a computer, allowing for the connection of network cards, sound cards, and other peripherals. It provides a shared bus architecture with a bandwidth of up to 133 MB/s, facilitating communication between the CPU and connected devices.
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The Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a standardized interface that enables communication and power supply between computers and peripheral devices, facilitating plug-and-play functionality and widespread compatibility. It has evolved through multiple versions, offering increased data transfer rates and power delivery capabilities, and remains a cornerstone of modern electronic connectivity.
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The Front-Side Bus (FSB) is a critical component in a computer's architecture, serving as the main interface between the CPU and the rest of the system, including memory and peripheral devices. Its speed and efficiency directly impact the overall performance of the computer, making it a key factor in system design and optimization.
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Bus mastering is a feature in computer architecture that allows a device connected to the bus to initiate transactions without involving the central processor, improving system efficiency and performance. This capability enables devices like network cards and disk controllers to communicate directly with each other, freeing up CPU resources for other tasks.
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Bus topology is a network architecture where all devices are connected to a single central cable, known as the bus, which serves as the shared communication medium. It is simple and cost-effective for small networks but can suffer from performance issues and is vulnerable to network failure if the central cable is compromised.
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I/O devices, or input/output devices, are hardware components that allow a computer system to interact with the external environment by receiving input from users or other systems and delivering output to them. These devices are essential for facilitating communication between the computer and its users, enabling data entry, retrieval, and display across various applications.
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In a computer bus architecture, a 'bus slave' is a device that responds to commands from a 'bus master', which controls the data flow on the bus. bus slaves are typically passive components that provide data or services when requested by the master, enabling efficient communication and resource management in a system.
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A peripheral device is an external component that connects to a computer to add functionality, such as input, output, or storage capabilities. These devices communicate with the computer through various interfaces and protocols, enhancing the system's capabilities without altering its core architecture.
Peripheral Communication Protocols are essential for enabling communication between a computer's central processing unit and its peripheral devices, ensuring efficient data transmission and resource management. These protocols define the rules and standards for data exchange, addressing, and error handling, facilitating seamless integration and operation of diverse hardware components.
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Hardware architecture refers to the design and organization of a computer's core components, including the CPU, memory, and input/output subsystems, which determine how these elements interact and perform. It is critical for optimizing performance, power consumption, and overall system efficiency, and serves as a blueprint for building and understanding computer systems.
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A motherboard is the main printed circuit board (PCB) in a computer, serving as the primary platform for communication between all components and peripherals. It houses the CPU, memory, and provides connectors for other hardware, making it crucial for the computer's functionality and performance.
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Peripheral configuration refers to the process of setting up external devices to communicate and function properly with a computer or central processing unit. This involves configuring hardware settings, installing necessary drivers, and ensuring compatibility with the operating system and other software applications.
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A peripheral interface is a hardware or software component that facilitates communication between a computer and external devices, enabling data exchange and control. It plays a critical role in expanding the functionality of computer systems by connecting them to peripherals such as keyboards, mice, printers, and storage devices.
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Input/Output Modules serve as intermediaries between a computer's central processing unit and peripheral devices, facilitating data exchange and ensuring efficient communication. They manage data transfer, handle interrupts, and provide necessary control signals to maintain system performance and reliability.
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A synchronous bus is a communication system in which data transfers are coordinated by a shared clock signal, ensuring that all components operate in lockstep. This design simplifies timing issues but requires that all devices on the bus operate at the same clock speed, which can limit flexibility and scalability.
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Parallel communication is a method of data transmission where multiple bits are sent simultaneously across multiple channels, allowing for faster data transfer compared to serial communication. It is commonly used in situations where high-speed data transfer is essential, such as in computer buses and certain peripheral interfaces.
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I/O Addressing is a method used by a computer's CPU to communicate with peripheral devices, assigning them unique addresses within the system's memory map. This allows the CPU to send and receive data to and from these devices efficiently without conflict or overlap in data transmission.
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I/O ports are essential interfaces that allow communication between a computer and external devices, facilitating the transfer of data in and out of the system. They play a critical role in expanding a computer's functionality by enabling the connection of peripherals such as keyboards, mice, printers, and storage devices.
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Microprocessor architecture refers to the design and organization of a microprocessor's components and their interactions, which determine its performance and capabilities. It encompasses elements such as instruction set design, data paths, control units, and memory hierarchy, all of which are crucial for efficient processing and execution of tasks in computing devices.
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Channel I/O is a method used in computer systems to offload data transfer operations from the CPU to dedicated I/O channels, thereby improving system efficiency and performance. It allows the CPU to focus on executing instructions while the channel subsystem handles the complexities of data transfer between memory and peripheral devices.
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CPU architecture refers to the design and organization of a computer's central processing unit, which dictates how it processes instructions and manages data. It encompasses the instruction set, data paths, and control mechanisms, influencing performance, efficiency, and compatibility with software.
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