Productivity is a measure of the efficiency of a person, machine, or system in converting inputs into useful outputs. It is a critical determinant of economic growth, competitiveness, and living standards, often improved through innovation, technology, and optimized processes.
Flexibility in the workforce refers to the ability of an organization to adapt and respond to changes in the market, technology, and workforce demographics by implementing adaptable work arrangements such as remote work, flexible hours, and gig work. This approach enhances employee satisfaction and productivity while allowing companies to quickly adjust to external pressures and opportunities.
Scientific management, developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor in the late 19th and early 20th century, focuses on optimizing labor productivity through systematic observation, measurement, and analysis of work processes. By applying scientific principles, tasks are broken down into their simplest elements to enhance efficiency and minimize waste.