The posterior division of the internal iliac artery primarily supplies blood to the pelvic wall and gluteal region, and is one of the two main branches of the internal iliac artery. It gives rise to the iliolumbar artery, lateral sacral arteries, and superior gluteal artery, which each have distinct roles in vascularizing specific pelvic and gluteal structures.

Posterior Division Of Internal Iliac Artery

Posterior division of the internal iliac artery

The internal iliac artery is a major pelvic artery that supplies blood to the pelvic organs, gluteal region, and medial compartment of the thigh. It branches off from the common iliac artery and has both anterior and posterior divisions that further subdivide to supply various structures in the pelvis and lower limb.

Internal Iliac Artery

The pelvic wall is a complex structure composed of bones, muscles, ligaments, and fascia that provides support and stability to the pelvic organs and serves as an attachment site for muscles of the lower limb and trunk. It plays a crucial role in maintaining posture, facilitating childbirth, and supporting urinary and fecal continence.

Pelvic Wall

The gluteal region, commonly known as the buttocks, is a major anatomical area located posteriorly to the pelvic girdle, consisting primarily of the gluteal muscles which are crucial for movement and support of the lower body. This region plays a vital role in activities such as walking, running, and maintaining posture, and is also a significant site for intramuscular injections due to its muscle mass.

Gluteal Region

Main branches of the internal iliac artery

The iliolumbar artery is a branch of the posterior division of the internal iliac artery, supplying blood to the iliac and lumbar regions, including the iliacus muscle and the lumbar vertebrae. It plays a crucial role in vascularizing the pelvic area and lower back, often anastomosing with other arteries to ensure adequate blood supply.

Iliolumbar Artery

The lateral sacral arteries are branches of the internal iliac artery that supply blood to the sacrum and coccyx, as well as the surrounding muscles and skin. They play a crucial role in the vascularization of the sacral region, contributing to the stability and function of the pelvis and lower spine.

Lateral Sacral Arteries

The superior gluteal artery is the largest branch of the internal iliac artery and is primarily responsible for supplying blood to the gluteal muscles and the skin in the buttock region. It exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen above the piriformis muscle and is crucial for maintaining the vascular integrity of the gluteal region.

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