Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) is a critical protein that acts as a processivity factor for DNA polymerase during DNA replication and repair. It forms a homotrimeric ring that encircles DNA, providing a sliding platform for polymerase and other factors involved in DNA metabolism, thus playing a pivotal role in cell cycle regulation and genomic stability.

PCNA

Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen

Critical protein

A processivity factor is like a helper that makes sure a special machine in our cells, called an enzyme, can keep working without falling off. This helper is very important because it helps the enzyme do its job faster and better, like how a friend might help you finish a puzzle quickly.

Processivity Factor

DNA polymerase is an essential enzyme responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand during DNA replication. It ensures high fidelity in DNA replication through its proofreading capabilities, correcting errors to maintain genetic integrity.

DNA Polymerase

DNA replication is a fundamental process by which a cell duplicates its DNA, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an exact copy of the genetic material during cell division. This highly regulated process involves the unwinding of the double helix, synthesis of complementary strands, and proofreading to maintain genetic fidelity.

DNA Replication

DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to its DNA molecules, ensuring genomic stability and preventing mutations that could lead to diseases like cancer. These mechanisms are vital for maintaining the integrity of genetic information and involve a variety of pathways that address different types of DNA damage.

DNA Repair

Homotrimeric ring

Encircles DNA

Sliding platform

DNA Metabolism

Cell cycle regulation is the process by which cells control the progression through different stages of the cell cycle to ensure proper division and function. It involves a complex network of signals and checkpoints that prevent errors such as DNA damage or incomplete replication, which could lead to diseases like cancer.

Cell Cycle Regulation

Genomic stability refers to the maintenance of DNA sequence and chromosomal integrity across cell divisions, ensuring proper cellular function and preventing diseases such as cancer. It is achieved through a range of cellular mechanisms that repair DNA damage, regulate cell cycle checkpoints, and maintain telomere length.

Concepts

Relevant Degrees

Your Lessons