Employment barriers are obstacles that hinder individuals from obtaining or maintaining gainful employment, often disproportionately affecting marginalized groups. These barriers can be structural, such as discriminatory hiring practices, or personal, such as lack of access to education or transportation.
The gendered division of labor refers to the allocation of different tasks and responsibilities to individuals based on gender, often resulting in unequal power dynamics and economic disparities. This division is deeply rooted in historical, cultural, and social norms, influencing both domestic and professional environments across societies.
Job segmentation refers to the division of the labor market into distinct sub-markets or segments, each characterized by different working conditions, employment relationships, and wage levels. This segmentation often leads to disparities in job quality and access to opportunities, affecting economic mobility and labor market dynamics.
Gender segregation refers to the practice of separating individuals based on their gender, often resulting in unequal access to resources, opportunities, and rights. This separation can manifest in various contexts, including education, employment, and social settings, perpetuating systemic gender inequalities and reinforcing traditional gender roles.
Wage disparities refer to the differences in earnings among individuals or groups due to factors such as gender, race, education, experience, and geographic location. These disparities can lead to economic inequality and have significant implications for social mobility and economic growth.
Workforce inequality refers to the unequal distribution of opportunities and resources among workers based on characteristics such as gender, race, age, or socioeconomic status. This disparity can manifest in various forms, including wage gaps, unequal access to promotions, and differences in job security, which can perpetuate broader social and economic inequalities.
The gender gap in labor participation refers to the disparity in employment rates between men and women, often influenced by socio-economic, cultural, and structural factors. Addressing this gap is crucial for promoting gender equality, economic growth, and social inclusion, as it utilizes the full potential of the workforce and empowers women.