Neuronal response refers to the way neurons react to stimuli, involving changes in membrane potential that can lead to action potentials and neurotransmitter release. This process is fundamental to neural communication and underlies all sensory perception, motor control, and cognitive functions in the brain.
Synaptic transmission is the process by which neurons communicate with each other through the release and reception of neurotransmitters across a synapse. This fundamental mechanism underlies all neural activity and is essential for brain function, including learning, memory, and behavior.
Cognitive function refers to the mental processes that allow humans to carry out any task, encompassing aspects such as perception, memory, reasoning, and decision-making. Understanding Cognitive function is crucial for identifying how the Brain supports various intellectual abilities and how these can be affected by factors like aging, injury, or disease.
Directional selectivity refers to the ability of certain neurons, particularly in the visual system, to respond preferentially to motion in a specific direction. This property is crucial for processing dynamic visual information and is fundamental to motion detection and perception in animals, including humans.