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Free electrons are electrons that are not bound to an atom and can move freely through a material, playing a crucial role in electrical conductivity. They are fundamental in understanding the behavior of metals and semiconductors, as they facilitate the flow of electric current when subjected to an electric field.
Concept
Ohm's Law is a fundamental principle in electronics and electrical engineering that states the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points, provided the temperature remains constant. This relationship is mathematically expressed as V = IR, where V is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance.
Resistivity is a fundamental property of materials that quantifies how strongly a material opposes the flow of electric current. It is crucial in determining how materials are used in electrical and electronic applications, as it directly impacts the efficiency and performance of devices and systems.
Metallic bonding is a type of chemical bonding that arises from the electrostatic attractive force between conduction electrons and positively charged metal ions. This bonding is responsible for the characteristic properties of metals, such as electrical conductivity, malleability, and ductility.
Semiconductors are materials with electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator, crucial for modern electronics. They are the foundation of integrated circuits and devices like transistors, enabling the miniaturization and performance enhancement of electronic technologies.
Ionic conductivity is a measure of a material's ability to conduct electric current through the movement of ions. It is a crucial property in applications such as batteries, fuel cells, and electrolytes, where efficient ion transport is essential for performance and efficiency.
Thermal conductivity is a material property that indicates the ability of a material to conduct heat, playing a crucial role in determining how quickly heat can be transferred through a material. It is essential in applications ranging from building insulation to electronic device cooling, influencing energy efficiency and thermal management strategies.
Band theory explains the behavior of electrons in solids by describing the allowed energy levels that electrons can occupy. It is crucial for understanding electrical conductivity, distinguishing between conductors, insulators, and semiconductors based on the presence and width of energy bands and band gaps.
A passive stylus is a non-electronic pen-like tool used to interact with touchscreens, relying on the capacitive properties of the human body to register input on devices. Unlike active styluses, passive styluses lack any internal electronics or pressure sensitivity, making them more affordable but less precise for tasks requiring fine detail.
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