Metallic bonding is a type of chemical bonding that arises from the electrostatic attractive force between conduction electrons and positively charged metal ions. This bonding is responsible for the characteristic properties of metals, such as electrical conductivity, malleability, and ductility.

Metallic Bonding

Metallic bonding

Chemical bonding is the process by which atoms combine to form molecules and compounds, driven by the attainment of a more stable electronic configuration. The main types of chemical bonds are ionic, covalent, and metallic, each involving different mechanisms of electron sharing or transfer.

chemical bonding

electrostatic attractive force

Conduction electrons are the electrons in a material that are free to move and thus responsible for conducting electric current. They play a crucial role in the electrical conductivity of metals and are described by quantum mechanics, particularly in the context of the band theory of solids.

conduction electrons

positively charged metal ions

characteristic properties of metals

Electrical conductivity is a measure of a material's ability to allow the flow of an electric current, which is determined by the availability and mobility of charge carriers such as electrons or ions. It is a critical property in determining the suitability of materials for applications in electronics, energy transmission, and electrochemical processes.

electrical conductivity

Malleability refers to the property of a material that allows it to be deformed under compressive stress, often characterized by its ability to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets. This property is crucial in materials science and engineering, influencing the selection of materials for various applications based on their capacity to withstand mechanical forces without breaking.

malleability

Ductility is a material property that indicates a substance's ability to undergo significant plastic deformation before rupture, typically characterized by the material's capacity to be stretched into a wire. It is crucial in determining how materials can be shaped and used in various applications, especially in construction and manufacturing industries.

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