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Intrinsic renal failure, also known as intrinsic acute kidney injury, occurs when there is direct damage to the kidney tissue due to conditions such as acute tubular necrosis, glomerulonephritis, or interstitial nephritis. It is characterized by a sudden decrease in kidney function, leading to the accumulation of waste products in the blood and potential electrolyte imbalances.
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a sudden decrease in kidney function, leading to the accumulation of waste products in the blood and an imbalance of electrolytes. It is often reversible if diagnosed and treated promptly, but can lead to chronic kidney disease or death if not managed effectively.
Glomerulonephritis is a group of kidney diseases characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli, leading to impaired kidney function and potential renal failure. It can be caused by infections, autoimmune disorders, or other systemic diseases, and is diagnosed through clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and sometimes renal biopsy.
Interstitial nephritis is an inflammatory condition affecting the kidney's interstitial tissue, often caused by medications, infections, or autoimmune disorders. It can lead to acute kidney injury, presenting with symptoms like fever, rash, and eosinophilia, and is typically diagnosed through urine analysis and kidney biopsy.
Renal perfusion refers to the blood flow to the kidneys, which is crucial for maintaining the filtration rate and overall kidney function. Adequate Renal perfusion is essential for waste removal and electrolyte balance, and its impairment can lead to acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease.
Nephron damage refers to the impairment or destruction of the functional units in the kidney, which can lead to decreased kidney function and potentially to chronic kidney disease. This damage can result from various causes, including hypertension, diabetes, and exposure to nephrotoxic substances, and is often irreversible, highlighting the importance of early detection and management.
Creatinine clearance is a measure used to assess kidney function by evaluating the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidneys. It is a crucial indicator for diagnosing and monitoring renal health, often calculated using serum creatinine levels and patient-specific factors such as age, weight, and gender.
Electrolyte imbalance occurs when the levels of electrolytes in the body are either too high or too low, disrupting critical bodily functions such as nerve signaling, muscle contraction, and fluid balance. These imbalances can result from various causes, including dehydration, kidney disease, and certain medications, and may lead to symptoms ranging from mild fatigue to life-threatening conditions like cardiac arrest.
Concept
Oliguria is a medical condition characterized by the production of an abnormally small amount of urine, often indicating a problem with the kidneys or fluid balance in the body. It is crucial to identify and address the underlying cause promptly to prevent progression to more severe renal dysfunction or failure.
Concept
Uremia is a serious medical condition resulting from the accumulation of urea and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood due to impaired kidney function. It is often associated with end-stage renal disease and can cause a variety of systemic symptoms, requiring prompt medical intervention to prevent life-threatening complications.
Acute renal failure, also known as acute kidney injury, is a sudden loss of kidney function that can result from various causes such as dehydration, infection, or obstruction. It is characterized by a rapid decline in the glomerular filtration rate, leading to an accumulation of waste products in the blood and potential life-threatening complications if not promptly treated.
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