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Life expectancy is a statistical measure indicating the average number of years a person can expect to live, based on current mortality rates. It reflects the overall health of a population and is influenced by factors such as healthcare quality, lifestyle, socio-economic status, and environmental conditions.
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The Education Index is a component of the Human Development Index that measures the average years of schooling for adults aged 25 years or older and the expected years of schooling for children of school-entering age. It serves as an indicator of a country's educational attainment and is used to assess the potential for economic and social development.
Gross National Income per Capita is a measure of a country's economic output divided by its population, reflecting the average income of its citizens. It provides insight into the economic well-being and standard of living within a nation, often used for international comparisons and policy-making decisions.
The Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) is a composite measure that accounts for inequality in the distribution of each dimension of human development: health, education, and income. It provides a more accurate representation of human development by adjusting the Human Development Index (HDI) to reflect disparities within a country, thereby offering insights into the potential loss in human development due to inequality.
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The Gender Development Index (GDI) measures gender disparities in human development achievements across countries, focusing on health, education, and income. It highlights inequalities between men and women, aiming to foster policy changes that promote gender equality and empowerment.
The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) is a measure that captures the multiple deprivations that people in developing countries face in their health, education, and standard of living. It provides a more comprehensive understanding of poverty beyond income-based measures, highlighting the interconnections between different aspects of deprivation.
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a collection of 17 interlinked global objectives established by the United Nations in 2015 to address urgent environmental, political, and economic challenges facing our world by 2030. They aim to create a more sustainable, equitable, and prosperous future for all by focusing on areas such as poverty, health, education, climate change, and economic growth.
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The Capability Approach, developed by Amartya Sen, is a framework for evaluating social welfare by focusing on individuals' capabilities to achieve the kind of lives they value, rather than solely on economic growth or resources. It emphasizes the importance of freedom, agency, and the diversity of human needs and aspirations in assessing well-being and development policies.
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Human capital refers to the economic value of a worker's experience and skills, including factors such as education, training, intelligence, skills, health, and other things employers value. It is a crucial element in determining productivity and economic growth, emphasizing the importance of investing in education and health to enhance workforce capabilities.
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Economic development refers to the process by which a nation improves the economic, political, and social well-being of its people. It involves a multifaceted approach that includes increasing productivity, fostering innovation, and ensuring equitable distribution of resources.
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Multidimensional development is an approach that considers the complex interplay of economic, social, environmental, and political factors in the growth and advancement of societies. It emphasizes the need for a holistic perspective to address diverse challenges and achieve sustainable progress across various sectors.
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Multidimensional poverty is a holistic approach to understanding poverty by considering various deprivations people face in their daily lives, beyond just income. It includes factors like health, education, and living standards, providing a more comprehensive view of poverty's impact on individuals and communities.
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Welfare indicators are quantitative metrics used to assess the well-being and quality of life of individuals and communities, encompassing economic, social, and health dimensions. These indicators guide policy-making by providing a comprehensive understanding of areas needing improvement and the effectiveness of interventions.
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Global inequality refers to the uneven distribution of resources and opportunities among people across different countries and regions, leading to disparities in wealth, health, education, and living standards. It is a complex issue influenced by historical, economic, political, and social factors, and addressing it requires coordinated international efforts and policy interventions.
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Social indicators are statistical measures that describe social trends and conditions impacting human well-being, often used to guide public policy and assess societal progress. They encompass a wide range of domains such as health, education, and employment, providing a comprehensive overview of the quality of life within a community or nation.
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Global income refers to the total income earned by individuals and entities across the world, highlighting disparities in wealth distribution and economic development among nations. Understanding global income is crucial for addressing issues related to poverty, inequality, and sustainable economic growth on a worldwide scale.
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International development focuses on improving the quality of life in countries with lower levels of industrialization and income through economic growth, social progress, and sustainable practices. It involves a range of actors, including governments, NGOs, and international organizations, working together to address global challenges such as poverty, inequality, and environmental sustainability.
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Economic welfare refers to the overall well-being and standard of living of individuals within an economy, often measured by indicators such as GDP, income distribution, and access to essential services. It encompasses both material wealth and non-material factors like health, education, and environmental quality, highlighting the multi-dimensional nature of prosperity.
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Absolute poverty refers to a condition where individuals lack the basic necessities for survival, such as food, clean water, shelter, and healthcare, measured against a fixed standard. It is a universal measure that does not change with societal or economic variations, highlighting the minimum level of income needed to secure the essentials of life.
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Basic needs refer to the essential elements required for human survival and well-being, including food, water, shelter, and clothing. Addressing these needs is crucial for ensuring a minimum standard of living and is a foundational concept in both economic development and social policy.
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Socioeconomic indicators are quantitative measures that reflect the social and economic conditions of a population, providing insights into factors such as income, education, health, and employment. These indicators are crucial for policymakers and researchers to assess and address disparities, inform policy decisions, and track progress over time.
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Living standards refer to the level of wealth, comfort, material goods, and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class or geographic area. They are often measured by indicators such as income, employment, class disparity, poverty rate, and housing affordability, reflecting the overall quality of life and economic health of a population.
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Human development is a multidimensional process that focuses on improving the well-being and quality of life for individuals and communities, emphasizing the expansion of people's freedoms and opportunities. It encompasses economic growth, social progress, and environmental sustainability, aiming to create conditions where individuals can lead productive, creative lives in accordance with their needs and interests.
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Development levels refer to stages of growth and progress in various contexts, such as individual skills, organizational maturity, or economic advancement. Understanding these levels helps in tailoring strategies and interventions to effectively foster improvement and address specific needs at each stage.
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Economic comparisons involve analyzing and evaluating the economic performance, policies, and conditions of different entities, such as countries or regions, to understand relative strengths and weaknesses. This process helps in identifying best practices, assessing competitiveness, and formulating strategic economic policies.
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