Hajj and Umrah are Islamic pilgrimages to the holy city of Mecca, with Hajj being obligatory once in a lifetime for Muslims who are physically and financially able, while Umrah is a non-mandatory, shorter pilgrimage that can be performed at any time of the year. Both rituals involve a series of specific acts of worship, including the Tawaf (circumambulation of the Kaaba) and Sa'i (walking between the hills of Safa and Marwah), symbolizing unity, devotion, and the pursuit of spiritual purity.