Cultural relativism is the principle that an individual's beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual's own culture, promoting the idea that no culture is superior to another. This perspective encourages the examination of cultural practices without ethnocentric bias, fostering a deeper appreciation and understanding of cultural diversity.
Rule consequentialism is an ethical theory that evaluates the morality of actions based on adherence to rules that, if universally followed, would lead to the greatest overall good. It seeks to address the weaknesses of act consequentialism by emphasizing the importance of rule-following to ensure consistency and predictability in moral reasoning.
Prescriptive ethics involves the formulation of moral rules, principles, and guidelines that dictate how individuals ought to act, focusing on what is right or wrong, good or bad. It contrasts with descriptive ethics, which merely describes how people behave, and is central to normative ethical theories like utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics.
The Just-World Hypothesis is the cognitive bias that leads people to believe that the world is inherently fair, and thus individuals get what they deserve. This belief can result in victim-blaming, as people assume that bad things happen to others because of their own actions rather than external factors beyond their control.
Juror decision-making is a complex process influenced by legal instructions, evidence presented, and individual biases. Understanding this process is crucial for ensuring fair trials and improving the judicial system's effectiveness.
Sport ethics is the study of moral principles and values that govern the behavior and decision-making in sports, emphasizing fairness, integrity, and respect. It addresses issues such as doping, cheating, sportsmanship, and the equitable treatment of all participants, promoting a culture of ethical conduct in athletic environments.
Moral discourse refers to the communicative practices through which individuals and societies negotiate, express, and contest moral values and ethical principles. It is crucial in shaping collective norms and guiding behavior by providing a platform for reflection and dialogue on moral issues.