Corneal endothelial cells form a single layer on the inner surface of the cornea, playing a crucial role in maintaining corneal transparency by regulating fluid and solute transport between the aqueous humor and the corneal stroma. Damage or loss of these cells can lead to corneal edema and vision impairment, as they have limited regenerative capacity.

Corneal Endothelial Cells

Inner surface of the cornea

Corneal transparency is essential for clear vision, as it allows light to pass through the cornea and reach the retina without scattering. This transparency is maintained by the unique arrangement of collagen fibers, the absence of blood vessels, and the active regulation of corneal hydration by endothelial cells.

Corneal Transparency

Fluid and solute transport

Aqueous humor is a clear fluid produced by the ciliary body in the eye, filling the anterior and posterior chambers to maintain intraocular pressure and provide nutrients to avascular structures like the lens and cornea. Its balance of production and drainage through the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal is crucial for eye health, with imbalances potentially leading to conditions like glaucoma.

Aqueous Humor

The corneal stroma is the thickest layer of the cornea, primarily composed of collagen fibers arranged in a precise lattice structure, which is crucial for maintaining corneal transparency and refractive power. It plays a vital role in corneal strength and shape, and any disruption to its structure can lead to vision impairment or disorders such as keratoconus.

Corneal Stroma

Corneal edema is a condition characterized by swelling of the cornea due to fluid accumulation, often resulting from endothelial dysfunction, trauma, or inflammation. It can lead to blurred vision and discomfort, requiring prompt diagnosis and management to prevent long-term visual impairment.

Corneal Edema

Vision impairment refers to a significant limitation of visual capability resulting from disease, trauma, or congenital conditions that cannot be corrected by standard glasses or contact lenses. It affects a person's ability to perform everyday activities and can vary from mild vision loss to complete blindness.

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