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Client-server architecture is a computing model that separates tasks between providers of resources or services, called servers, and requesters, called clients. This architecture enables efficient resource management and scalability by allowing multiple clients to access shared server resources over a network.
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Network protocols are standardized rules that govern how data is transmitted and received across networks, ensuring reliable and secure communication between different devices and systems. They are essential for interoperability, enabling diverse devices and applications to communicate seamlessly within and across networks.
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Scalability refers to the ability of a system, network, or process to handle a growing amount of work or its potential to accommodate growth. It is a critical factor in ensuring that systems can adapt to increased demands without compromising performance or efficiency.
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Resource allocation is the strategic distribution of available assets to various projects or departments to optimize efficiency and achieve organizational goals. It involves decision-making processes to ensure that limited resources are used effectively to maximize output and minimize waste.
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Load balancing is a method used to distribute network or application traffic across multiple servers to ensure no single server becomes overwhelmed, thereby improving responsiveness and availability. It is critical for optimizing resource use, maximizing throughput, and minimizing response time in distributed computing environments.
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The request-response model is a communication pattern where a client sends a request to a server, which processes the request and returns a response. This model is foundational to web interactions, enabling dynamic content retrieval and user interaction with web services.
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Distributed systems consist of multiple interconnected components that communicate and coordinate their actions by passing messages to achieve a common goal. They offer scalability, fault tolerance, and resource sharing, but also introduce challenges such as network latency, data consistency, and system complexity.
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Data security involves protecting digital information from unauthorized access, corruption, or theft throughout its lifecycle. It encompasses a range of practices and technologies designed to safeguard data integrity, confidentiality, and availability, ensuring that sensitive information remains protected against evolving cyber threats.
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Client-side scripting refers to code that is executed on the user's browser rather than on the server, enabling dynamic content and interactive web experiences without the need to reload the page. It enhances user experience by reducing server load and providing immediate feedback and interaction, but also raises security concerns as the code is exposed to the client.
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Server-side scripting is a technique where scripts are executed on the web server, generating dynamic web pages that are then sent to the user's browser. This approach enhances security and performance by keeping the logic and data processing on the server side, reducing the load on the client's device.
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Three-Tier Architecture is a client-server architecture pattern that divides applications into three layers: presentation, logic, and data storage. This separation enhances scalability, maintainability, and flexibility by allowing each layer to be developed, updated, and scaled independently.
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RESTful services are web services that adhere to the principles of Representational State Transfer (REST), enabling stateless communication between client and server using standard HTTP methods. They are designed to be scalable and simple, leveraging a uniform interface and resources identified by URIs to facilitate interaction and data exchange over the web.
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HTTP POST is a request method supported by HTTP used by the World Wide Web to submit data to be processed to a specified resource. Unlike GET requests, POST requests do not append data to the URL, making them more suitable for transmitting sensitive information securely.
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A RESTful API is an architectural style for designing networked applications that leverages HTTP methods to facilitate interactions between clients and servers. It emphasizes stateless communication, resource manipulation through URIs, and the use of standard HTTP response codes to indicate API status and errors.
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Stateful interactions refer to communication processes where the system retains the context or state of the interaction across multiple exchanges, allowing for more personalized and context-aware responses. This approach contrasts with stateless interactions, where each request is treated independently, without memory of previous exchanges.
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The 'Access-Control-Allow-Methods' is an HTTP header used in CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing) to specify the methods allowed when accessing the resource on the server from a different origin. It is crucial for defining which HTTP methods, such as GET, POST, or DELETE, are permitted during a cross-origin request, thereby enhancing security by preventing unauthorized HTTP methods from being executed on the server.
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The request body is the part of an HTTP request where data is sent to the server, typically used in POST, PUT, or PATCH requests to transmit information like form data or JSON payloads. It is crucial for APIs and web applications as it allows the client to send structured data that the server can process and respond to accordingly.
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Form data refers to the information that users input into web forms, which is then transmitted to a server for processing. It is crucial for web applications as it facilitates user interaction and data collection, enabling personalized experiences and dynamic content delivery.
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The 'Access-Control-Allow-Headers' is an HTTP response header used in CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing) to specify which HTTP headers can be used during the actual request. It is crucial for controlling client-side access to server resources, ensuring security by allowing only specific headers to be sent from the client to the server.
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Status codes are standardized responses provided by servers to indicate the result of a client's request, typically represented by a three-digit number. They are crucial for diagnosing issues and understanding the communication between clients and servers in web development and networking.
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The Request-Response Pattern is a fundamental communication model in networked systems where a client sends a request to a server, which processes the request and returns a response. This pattern is widely used in web development, enabling interactions between web browsers and servers through HTTP protocols to facilitate data exchange and user interactions.
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A reverse proxy is a server that sits between client requests and a backend server, forwarding client requests to the appropriate backend server and returning the server's response to the client. It enhances security, load balancing, and performance by masking the identity of backend servers and distributing incoming traffic efficiently.
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WebSockets provide a full-duplex communication channel over a single, long-lived connection, enabling real-time data exchange between a client and server with minimal overhead. This technology is essential for applications requiring low latency and high-frequency updates, such as online gaming, live chat, and financial tickers.
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Database connectivity refers to the process and protocols used to connect an application to a database, enabling the application to query and manipulate data stored within the database. It is crucial for ensuring seamless data exchange and interaction between software applications and database management systems, often involving drivers, middleware, and APIs to facilitate this connection.
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Code on Demand is a feature of the REST architectural style that allows servers to extend the functionality of a client by transferring executable code, such as JavaScript, to the client. This enhances the client’s capabilities without requiring pre-installed software, but can introduce security risks and reduce visibility into the client's operations.
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The request-response model is a communication pattern used in network protocols where a client sends a request to a server, and the server processes the request and returns a response. This model is fundamental to the operation of the web, enabling interactions between web browsers and servers through HTTP requests and responses.
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Response codes are numerical codes that indicate the status of a client's request to a server, providing essential information about the success or failure of the request. They are crucial for debugging and understanding the communication between clients and servers in web applications.
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Web-based visualization leverages the capabilities of web technologies to create interactive and dynamic data visualizations accessible through web browsers. This approach enhances data accessibility and user engagement by enabling real-time data interaction and sharing across various devices and platforms.
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Web technologies encompass the tools and techniques used to create, manage, and interact with web-based applications and services, ranging from front-end development to server-side processing. They are foundational to the internet's functionality, enabling the seamless exchange of data and interactive experiences across diverse platforms and devices.
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In distributed computing, 'Stub and Skeleton' are crucial components for enabling remote method invocation (RMI), where the stub acts as a client-side proxy that marshals method calls and the skeleton serves as a server-side entity that unmarshals the calls to execute the requested method. This mechanism abstracts the complexities of network communication, allowing developers to invoke methods on remote objects as if they were local, thus facilitating seamless distributed application development.
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Client-side playback refers to the process where media content is decoded and rendered on the user's device rather than on a server. This approach leverages the device's resources, reducing server load and enabling more personalized and interactive user experiences.
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