Cell-to-cell variability refers to differences in the behavior and characteristics of individual cells within a seemingly homogeneous population. This variability can arise from intrinsic factors like stochastic gene expression and extrinsic factors such as environmental influences, impacting cellular functions and responses to stimuli.

Cell-to-cell Variability

Differences in the behavior and characteristics of individual cells

Seemingly homogeneous population

Intrinsic factors

Stochastic gene expression refers to the random fluctuations in the levels of gene expression that can occur in a cell due to the probabilistic nature of biochemical processes involved in transcription and translation. This randomness can lead to phenotypic variability among genetically identical cells, playing a crucial role in processes such as cellular differentiation and response to environmental changes.

Stochastic Gene Expression

Extrinsic factors refer to external elements that influence an organism, behavior, or process, often impacting its development, performance, or outcomes. These factors can include environmental conditions, social influences, and economic pressures, and are crucial in understanding the broader context in which a subject operates.

Extrinsic Factors

Environmental influences encompass the various external factors that can affect an individual's development, behavior, and overall well-being, ranging from physical surroundings to social interactions. These influences can be both positive and negative, shaping the way organisms adapt and respond to their environment throughout their lifespan.

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