Volcanic degassing is the release of gases from magma or lava, which can occur both during and between eruptive events. This process significantly influences the composition of Earth's atmosphere and contributes to volcanic hazards such as air pollution and climate impacts. 

Volcanic Degassing

Release of gases

Magma is a molten or partially molten natural material beneath the Earth's crust, consisting of a complex mixture of liquids, volatiles, and solids that can form igneous rocks upon cooling. It plays a crucial role in the geothermal dynamics of the planet, influencing volcanic activity, plate tectonics, and the formation of the Earth's crust.

Magma

Lava is molten rock expelled by a volcano during an eruption, which cools and solidifies to form igneous rock. Its temperature ranges from 700 to 1,200 degrees Celsius, and its flow can create diverse geological formations depending on its composition and eruption style.

Lava

Eruptive events

Composition of Earth's atmosphere

Volcanic hazards encompass a range of potentially dangerous events associated with volcanic activity, including lava flows, ashfall, pyroclastic flows, and volcanic gases, which can pose significant threats to human life, infrastructure, and the environment. Effective hazard assessment and risk management require understanding the complex interactions between these phenomena and the surrounding geography, as well as the implementation of monitoring and early warning systems.

Volcanic Hazards

Air pollution is the presence of harmful substances in the atmosphere that can have detrimental effects on human health, ecosystems, and the climate. It is primarily caused by human activities such as industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, and agricultural practices, but can also result from natural events like wildfires and volcanic eruptions.

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