The Unification of Italy, also known as the Risorgimento, was a complex political and social process during the 19th century that consolidated various states of the Italian Peninsula into a single nation-state, the Kingdom of Italy, by 1871. Key figures such as Giuseppe Garibaldi, Count Camillo di Cavour, and Victor Emmanuel II played pivotal roles amidst foreign domination by Austrian and French powers, nationalist uprisings, and diplomatic alliances.