Translation initiation is the first phase of protein synthesis where the ribosome assembles around the target mRNA and the first tRNA is attached at the start codon, setting the stage for elongation. This process is tightly regulated and involves multiple initiation factors to ensure accurate and efficient protein production.

Translation Initiation

Translation initiation

first phase of protein synthesis

ribosome assembles

target mRNA

first tRNA

The start codon is a specific sequence of nucleotides in mRNA that signals the beginning of protein synthesis, typically represented by the codon AUG, which codes for the amino acid methionine in eukaryotes. This initiation codon is crucial for the proper translation of genetic information into functional proteins, as it sets the reading frame for ribosomes during translation.

start codon

Elongation is a crucial phase in various biological and physical processes where something is extended or lengthened, such as the elongation of a polypeptide chain during protein synthesis or the stretching of a material under stress. Understanding elongation helps in fields ranging from molecular biology to materials science, as it influences the functionality and properties of proteins, polymers, and other substances.

elongation

Tightly regulated process

Initiation factors are proteins essential for the commencement of protein synthesis in cells, facilitating the assembly of the ribosome on mRNA. They play a crucial role in ensuring the correct positioning of the start codon and the recruitment of initiator tRNA, thus setting the stage for translation elongation.

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