Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a type of RNA molecule that helps decode a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into a protein during the process of translation. Each tRNA molecule carries a specific amino acid to the ribosome, where the anticodon on the tRNA pairs with a complementary codon on the mRNA, ensuring the correct amino acid sequence is formed in the growing polypeptide chain.
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The genetic code is a set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences) is translated into proteins by living cells. It is universal across almost all organisms, highlighting the shared evolutionary heritage of life on Earth.
Proteins are like tiny machines in our bodies that help us grow and stay healthy. They are made by putting together building blocks called amino acids, and then they fold up into special shapes to do their jobs.
The Wobble Hypothesis, proposed by Francis Crick, explains how transfer RNA (tRNA) can recognize more than one codon despite having fewer tRNA molecules than codons. This flexibility in base pairing allows for the 3rd nucleotide of the codon to undergo non-standard pairing with the 1st nucleotide of the anticodon, facilitating efficient and accurate protein synthesis.