Trace anomaly, also known as the conformal anomaly, occurs when a classically conformal invariant theory exhibits non-conservation of the energy-momentum tensor trace at the quantum level. This phenomenon is significant in quantum field theory as it reveals how quantum effects can break classical symmetries, impacting the behavior of particles in curved spacetime and the renormalization group flow of the theory.
Quantum corrections refer to adjustments made to classical physical theories to account for quantum mechanical effects, ensuring predictions align more closely with experimental observations. These corrections are crucial in fields where quantum effects cannot be ignored, such as in high-energy physics and the study of fundamental particles.
Anomalies in physics refer to unexpected deviations from established theories or models, often leading to new discoveries or advancements in understanding. These anomalies can challenge existing paradigms and prompt further investigations that refine or revolutionize scientific knowledge.