The steric number is a fundamental concept in molecular geometry that represents the total number of atoms bonded to a central atom plus the number of lone pairs on that atom. It is crucial for determining the molecular shape and hybridization of the central atom, influencing the molecule's physical and chemical properties.

Steric Number

steric number

Molecular geometry refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms within a molecule, which affects its physical and chemical properties, including reactivity, polarity, phase of matter, color, magnetism, and biological activity. Understanding molecular geometry is crucial for predicting molecular behavior and interactions, as it is influenced by factors such as electron pair repulsion, hybridization, and bond angles.

molecular geometry

The central atom in a molecule is the atom to which other atoms are bonded, often determining the molecule's geometry and properties. It is usually the atom with the highest bonding capacity or the least electronegative element in the compound.

central atom

Lone pairs are pairs of valence electrons that are not involved in chemical bonding and are located on an atom. They play a crucial role in determining the shape, reactivity, and properties of molecules by influencing bond angles and participating in non-covalent interactions.

lone pairs

molecular shape

Hybridization is the process of combining different atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals, which can then form covalent bonds in molecules. This concept helps explain the geometry and bonding properties of molecules, making it fundamental to understanding molecular structure in chemistry.

hybridization

Physical properties are characteristics of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing its chemical identity. These properties are crucial for identifying, classifying, and using materials in various scientific and industrial applications.

Physical Properties

Chemical properties describe the potential of a substance to undergo chemical changes or reactions due to its composition. These properties are intrinsic to the substance and determine its behavior in chemical processes, influencing how it interacts with other substances.

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