• Bookmarks

    Bookmarks

  • Concepts

    Concepts

  • Activity

    Activity

  • Courses

    Courses


Population aging refers to the increasing median age in a population due to declining fertility rates and rising life expectancy, leading to a higher proportion of older individuals. This demographic shift presents significant challenges for economic growth, healthcare systems, and social support structures, necessitating adaptive policy responses to maintain societal well-being.
Fertility rates measure the average number of children born to a woman over her lifetime and are crucial for understanding population growth and demographic changes. They are influenced by various factors including economic conditions, cultural norms, healthcare access, and government policies.
Migration patterns refer to the regular, often seasonal movement of species from one location to another, driven by factors such as climate, food availability, and breeding needs. Understanding these patterns is crucial for biodiversity conservation, managing natural resources, and predicting the impacts of climate change on ecosystems.
Life expectancy is a statistical measure indicating the average number of years a person can expect to live, based on current mortality rates. It reflects the overall health of a population and is influenced by factors such as healthcare quality, lifestyle, socio-economic status, and environmental conditions.
Urbanization refers to the increasing proportion of a population that resides in urban areas, driven by factors like economic opportunities, infrastructure development, and social services. It has significant implications for environmental sustainability, economic growth, and social dynamics, often leading to challenges such as congestion, pollution, and inequality.
Population growth refers to the increase in the number of individuals in a population, driven by factors such as birth rates, death rates, immigration, and emigration. It has significant implications for resource allocation, economic development, and environmental sustainability, necessitating careful management and policy planning.
Workforce participation refers to the proportion of a population that is either employed or actively seeking employment, serving as a crucial indicator of economic health and labor market dynamics. It is influenced by various factors including demographics, economic conditions, and social policies, and has significant implications for productivity and social equity.
Social Security Systems are government programs designed to provide financial support and assistance to individuals in retirement, disability, or unemployment, ensuring a basic standard of living. These systems are typically funded through payroll taxes and are crucial for reducing poverty and inequality among vulnerable populations.
Economic inequality refers to the unequal distribution of wealth and income within a society, leading to disparities in access to resources, opportunities, and quality of life. It can result from various factors including differences in education, labor market discrimination, and government policies, and often exacerbates social tensions and hinders economic growth.
A Pay-As-You-Go (PAYG) system is a financial arrangement where current payments fund current expenditures, commonly used in public pensions and utilities. This system relies on a steady flow of current contributors to support the financial obligations to current beneficiaries, making it sensitive to demographic and economic changes.
Pension risk refers to the potential financial shortfall or volatility in a pension plan's ability to meet its future obligations to retirees, often due to factors like investment performance, interest rate changes, and demographic shifts. Effective management of Pension risk is crucial to ensure the sustainability and reliability of retirement benefits for plan participants.
3